In the face of intense competition from large domestic and international public cloud providers, the survival of small and medium-sized cloud vendors has become increasingly challenging. To address this, forming a cloud federation based on mutual cooperation has emerged as a viable strategy for these vendors. However, there exists a complex gametheoretic relationship between pursuing individual maximum benefits and ensuring the overall quality of service (QoS) within the federation. To tackle these issues, a QoS-based cloud federation model is proposed, encompassing the threelayer architecture of cloud computing. From the application layer to the virtual layer, an innovative Task allocation strategy based on the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is introduced, specifically designed to address multi-QoS Task allocation problems. From the virtual layer to the physical layer, a virtual machine migration model incorporating both cooperative and competitive dynamics is developed, aimed at balancing energy consumption and QoS in a cloud federation gametheoretic environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution improves service quality in cloud computing environments and highlights the relative advantages of cooperation and competition within a cloud federation